COVID-19 и общественный транспорт: текущая оценка, перспективы и потребности в исследованиях
Аннотация
Пандемия COVID-19 представляет собой серьезную проблему для современного общественного транспорта во всем мире, так как является причиной беспрецедентного падения спроса и доходов. В этой статье обобщаются различные ответные меры, принятые правительствами и операторами общественного транспорта в разных странах по всему миру, и проясняется потребность в исследованиях минимизации риска заражения в общественном транспорте в период после локдауна. Хотя в ряде стран ставка сделана на соблюдение физического дистанцирования (что ставит под сомнение саму концепцию общественного транспорта), последние исследования показывают, что в закрытых средах, таких как общественный транспорт, вероятность заражения значительно снижается за счет правильного использования защитных масок. Возможные экономические и социальные последствия вспышки COVID-19 в общественном транспорте выходят далеко за рамки вопроса качества обслуживания и рисков для здоровья и влияют на финансовую жизнеспособность, социальную справедливость и устойчивую мобильность населения. Существует риск того, что если сектор общественного транспорта будет восприниматься как плохо приспособленный к функционированию в постпандемических условиях, то может распространиться и, возможно, закрепиться его восприятие как эпидемически опасного места. Поэтому авторы определяют потребности и излагают программу исследований эффективности альтернативных стратегий и сценариев для общественного здоровья, в частности мер по снижению скопления людей в общественном транспорте. Даются обзор и прогноз, позволяющие тем, кто определяет политику в области общественного транспорта, специалистам по планированию и исследователям составить карту текущего состояния дел и потребностей в исследованиях, связанных с воздействием пандемического кризиса на общественный транспорт. Некоторые вопросы требуют безотлагательного внимания, ведь в конечном итоге в некоторых странах на карту поставлено восстановление способности систем общественного транспорта выполнять свою социальную функцию.
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