Городское развитие в рамках мужского чемпионата мира по футболу 2018: видоизмененная мобильная политика на периферии
Аннотация
Планировщики, политики и другие элиты часто используют мегасобытия, такие как чемпионат мира по футболу, как стратегию городского развития. Так произошло и с чемпионатом мира по футболу 2018 года, который проводился в одиннадцати городах России и предполагал модернизацию принимающих периферийных городов. Несмотря на то что идея развития городов с помощью мегасобытий широко распространена, российский опыт продемонстрировал много нового.
Данная работа рассматривает развитие городов в рамках чемпионата мира по футболу в России как пример гибкой политики, показывает, каким образом это мегасобытие было импортировано из-за рубежа и как видооизменилась политика во время подготовки к мероприятию в принимающих российских городах. Специфика российского опыта во многом заключается в том, что оргкомитет чемпионата мира по футболу был создан и функционировал как дополнение к центральному правительству Москвы. Таким образом, то, что поначалу представлялось как способ дифференцирования принимающих городов путем их соревнования друг с другом в городском развитии, на самом деле оказалось установлением еще большей централизации в региональное пространственное планирование. Следовательно, даже при улучшении определенных материальных условий в принимающих городах чемпионат мира по футболу представлял собой не выражение региональной демократии и даже не стратегию межгородской дифференциации, а, скорее, еще один пример развития, продиктованный из центра, издалека.
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