Когнитивная флексибильность личности: теория, измерение, практика
Ключевые слова:
интеллектуальное поведение, когнитивная флексибильность, ментальная способность, неадаптивные мысли, психическая ригидность
Аннотация
Флексибильность рассматривается как специфическая способность личности, позволяющая ей организовывать свою познавательную деятельность и интеллектуальное поведение в зависимости от изменившихся условий. Несмотря на разработанность данного конструкта в разных контекстах его проявления, до сих пор в когнитивных исследованиях отсутствует его общее операциональное определение. Целью настоящего исследования является изучение существующих теоретических взглядов на проблему когнитивной флексибильности личности и определение их вклада в разработку способов ее измерения в практике оказания психологической помощи. В кратком обзоре отечественных и зарубежных когнитивных исследований обобщены представления о когнитивной флексибильности как ментальной способности, характеризующей умение индивида преобразовывать когнитивные установки в ответ на изменяющиеся условия его жизнедеятельности. Показано, что существует дефицит русскоязычных терминов, охватывающих описание исследуемого феномена, кроме того, он не находит должного рассмотрения относительно содержания и форм проявления в поведении человека, главным образом интеллектуального поведения. В зарубежных когнитивных исследованиях понятие «флексибильность» имеет широкое распространение. К нему обращаются при изучении познавательных способностей или умений. Для его операционального определения исследователи в большинстве дефиниций исходят из понимания флексибильности как существенного свойства когнитивной системы личности. Однако, чем собственно является это свойство, не раскрыто. В рамках настоящего обзора предложен подход к изучению флексибильности личности как специфической способности когнитивной системы и свойства различных познавательных процессов. При таком подходе способности определяются как свойства функциональной системы, реализующей конкретные психические функции. В ходе обзора процедур и методов измерения когнитивной флексибильности показано, что ввиду отсутствия операционального определения данного конструкта выбор инструментария, как правило, зависит от целей и задач исследования. Рассмотрены два вида основного инструментария, к которому обращаются исследователи: когнитивные пробы и опросники. Показана их пригодность в условиях оказания психологической помощи с целью проведения диагностики уровня выраженности когнитивной флексибильности, необходимого для перехода к адаптивному поведению.Скачивания
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Литература
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28. Martin, M. M., & Anderson, C. M. (1998). The cognitive flexibility scale: Three validity studies. Communication Reports, 11(1), 1-9.
29. Martin, M. M., & Rubin, R. B. (1995). A new measure of cognitive flexibility. Psychological Reports, 76, 623-626.
30. McCloskey, M., & Cohen, N. J. (1989). Catastrophic interference in connectionist networks: The sequential learning problem. Psychology of Learning and Motivation, 24, 109-165.
31. Mioshi, E., Dawson, K., Mitchell, J., Arnold, R., & Hodges, J. R. (2006). The Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination Revised (ACE-R): a brief cognitive test battery for dementia screening. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 21, 1078-1085. https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.1610
32. Nazarzadeh, R. S., Fazeli, M., Aval, M. M., & Shourche, R. M. (2015). Effectiveness of cognitive-behavior therapy on cognitive flexibility in perfectionist. Psychology, 6, 1780-1785.
33. Nikoshkova E.V. (2006). Anglo-russkiy slovar’ po psikhologii [English Russian Dictionary of Psychology]. Moscow: RUSSO.
34. O’Keefe, B. J., & Delia, J. G. (1982). Impression formation and message production. In M. E. Roloff & C.R. Berger (Eds.), Social cognition and communication(pp. 33-72). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
35. Peterson, C., Semmel, A., von Bayer, C., Abramson, L., Metalsky G., & Seligman, M. E. P. (1982). The attributional style questionnaire. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 6(3), 287-300.
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41. Ruff, R. M. (1996). Ruff figural fluency test. Test. Professional manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
42. Runco, M. A. (2004). Creativity. Annual Review Psychology, 55, 657-687.
43. Shadrikov, V. D. (2007). Mental’noe razvitie cheloveka [Human mental development]. Moscow: Aspekt Press.
44. Shareh, H., Farmani, A., & Soltani, E. (2014). Investigating the reliability and validity of the cognitive flexibility inventory (CFI-I) among Iranian university students. Practice in Clinical Psychology, 2(1), 43-50.
45. Spiro, R. J. & Jehng, J. C. (1990). Cognitive flexibility and hypertext: Theory and technology for the nonlinear and multidimensional traversal of complex subject matter. In D. Nix & R. Spiro (Eds.), Cognition, education, and multimedia: Exploring ideas in high technology (pp. 163-205). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
46. Stuss, D. T., & Alexander, M. P. (2000). Executive functions and the frontal lobes: A conceptual view. Psychological Research, 63(3-4), 289-298.
47. Teasdale, J. D., Scott, J., Moore, R. G., Hayhurst, H., Pope, M., & Paykel, E. S. (2001). How does cognitive therapy prevent relapse in residual depression? Evidence from a controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 69, 347-357.
48. Teasdale, J. D., Segal, Z., & Williams, J. M. (1995). How does cognitive therapy prevent depressive relapse and why should attentional control (mindfulness) training help? Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33(1), 25-39.
49. Tokuyoshi, Y., & Iwsaki, S. (2012). Development and validation of cognitive flexibility inventory - Japanese (in Japanese). Proceedings of the 76th Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association. Tokyo (p. 672).
50. Wang, Y., Yang, Y., Xiao, W., & Su, Q. (2016). Validity and reliability of the Chinese version of the Cognitive Flexibility Inventory in college students. Chinese Mental Health Journal, 1, 58-63.
51. Yehene, E., Meiran, N., & Soroker, N. (2008). Basal ganglia play a unique role in task switching within the frontal-subcortical circuits: evidence from patients with focal lesions. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 20(6), 1079-1093.
52. Young, J. E., Weinberger, A. D., & Beck, A. T. (2001). Cognitive therapy for depression. In D. H. Barlow (Ed.), Clinical handbook of psychological disorders: A step-by-step treatment manual (3rd ed., pp.264-308). New York: Guilford Press.
53. Zalevsky, G. V. (2007). Lichnost’i fiksirovannye formy povedeniya[Personality and fixed forms of behavior]. Moscow: Institute of Psychology of RAS.
2. Baghetto, R., & Kaufman, J. (2007). Toward a broader conception of creativity: A case for “mini-c” creativity. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, 1, 73-79.
3. Barbey, A. K., Colom, R., & Grafman, J. (2013). Architecture of cognitive flexibility revealed by lesion mapping. NeuroImage, 82, 547-554.
4. Benton, A. L. & Hamsher, K. (1976). Multilingual aphasia examination. Iowa City, IA: University of Iowa.
5. Blaye, A., & Bonthoux, F. (2001). Thematic and taxonomic relations in preschoolers: the development of flexibility in categorization choices. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 19, 395-412.
6. Canas, J. J., Antoli, A., Fajardo, I., & Salmeron, L. (2005). Cognitive inflexibility and the development and use of strategies for solving complex dynamic problems: Effects of different types of training. Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science, 6(1), 95-108.
7. Canas, J. J., Quesada, J. F., Antol , A., & Fajardo, I. (2003). Cognitive flexibility and adaptability to environmental changes in dynamic complex problem-solving tasks. Ergonomics, 46(5), 482-501.
8. Colzato, L. S., Huizinga, M., & Hommel, B. (2009). Recreational cocaine polydrug use impairs cognitive flexibility but not working memory. Psychopharmacology, 207, 225-234.
9. Cragg, L., & Chevalier, N. (2006). The processes underlying flexibility in childhood. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 65(2), 209-320.
10. Deak, G. O. (2003). The development of cognitive flexibility and language abilities. Advances in Child Development and Behavior, 31, 271-327.
11. Dennis, J. P., & Vander Wal, J. S. (2010). The cognitive flexibility inventory: Instrument development and estimates of reliability and validity. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 34(3), 241-253.
12. Gardner, R. W., Holzman, P. S., Klein, G. S., Linton, H. B., & Spence, D. P. (1959). Cognitive control. A study of individual consistencies in cognitive behavior. Psychological Issues, 4(1), 1-186.
13. Gardner, R.W., Jackson, D.N., & Messick, S.J. (1960). Personality organization in cognitive controls and intellectual abilities. Psychological Issues, 8(2), 149.
14. Golden, C. J. (1978). Stroop Color and Word Test: A manual for clinical and experimental uses. Wood Dale, IL: Stoelting Co.
15. Golden, Z., & Golden, C. J. (2002). Patterns of performance on the Stroop Color and Word Test in children with learning, attentional, and psychiatric disabilities. Psychology in the Schools, 39(5), 489-495.
16. Guilford, J. P. (1967). The nature of human intelligence. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company Gülüm, İ.V., & Dag, I. (2012). The Turkish adaptation, validity and reliability study of the Repetitive Thinking Questionnaire and the Cognitive Flexibility Inventory. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry, 13, 216-223. (in Turkish, abstract in English)
17. Heaton, R. K., & PAR Staff. (2003). Wisconsin Card Sorting Test: Computer version 4. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
18. Hennessey, B. A., & Amabile, T. M. (2010). Creativity. Annual Review of Psychology, 569-598.
19. Ionescu, Th. (2012). Exploring the nature of cognitive flexibility. New Ideas in Psychology, 30(2), 190-200.
20. Johnco, C., Wuthrich, V. M., & Rapee, R. M. (2014a). Reliability and validity of two self-report measures of cognitive flexibility. Psychological Assessment American Psychological Association, 26, 1381-1387.
21. Johnco, C., Wuthrich V. M., & Rapee R. M. (2014b). The influence of cognitive flexibility on treatment outcome and cognitive restructuring skill acquisition during cognitive behavioral treatment
22. for anxiety and depression in older adults: results of a pilot study. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 57, 55-64.
23. Kholodnaya, M. A. (2004). Kognitivnye stili. O prirode individual’nogo uma[Cognitive styles. On the nature of individual mind]. Saint Petersburg: Piter.
24. Kurginyan, S. S., & Osavolyuk, E. Yu. (2018). Oprosnik kognitivnoj fleksibil'nosti (CFI): adaptacija na russkojazychnoj vyborke [The cognitive flexibility inventory (CFI): adaptation for Russian-speaking sampling]. Psikhologicheskii Zhurnal, 39(2), 105-119.
25. Leber, A. B., Turk-Browne, N. B. & Chun, M. M. (2008). Neural predictors of moment-to-moment fluctuations in cognitive flexibility. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 105(36), 13592-13597. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0805423105
26. Lezak, M. D., Howieson, D. B., Loring, D. W., Hannay, H. J, & Fischer, J. S. (2004). Neuropsychological assessment. New York: Oxford University Press.
27. Lippard-Justice, P. (1989). The relationship between intrapersonal and interpersonal communication patterns. In C. V. Roberts, K. Watson, & L. L. Barker (Eds.), Intrapersonal communication processes: Original essays(pp. 444-455). New Orleans: SPECTRA.
28. Martin, M. M., & Anderson, C. M. (1998). The cognitive flexibility scale: Three validity studies. Communication Reports, 11(1), 1-9.
29. Martin, M. M., & Rubin, R. B. (1995). A new measure of cognitive flexibility. Psychological Reports, 76, 623-626.
30. McCloskey, M., & Cohen, N. J. (1989). Catastrophic interference in connectionist networks: The sequential learning problem. Psychology of Learning and Motivation, 24, 109-165.
31. Mioshi, E., Dawson, K., Mitchell, J., Arnold, R., & Hodges, J. R. (2006). The Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination Revised (ACE-R): a brief cognitive test battery for dementia screening. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 21, 1078-1085. https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.1610
32. Nazarzadeh, R. S., Fazeli, M., Aval, M. M., & Shourche, R. M. (2015). Effectiveness of cognitive-behavior therapy on cognitive flexibility in perfectionist. Psychology, 6, 1780-1785.
33. Nikoshkova E.V. (2006). Anglo-russkiy slovar’ po psikhologii [English Russian Dictionary of Psychology]. Moscow: RUSSO.
34. O’Keefe, B. J., & Delia, J. G. (1982). Impression formation and message production. In M. E. Roloff & C.R. Berger (Eds.), Social cognition and communication(pp. 33-72). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
35. Peterson, C., Semmel, A., von Bayer, C., Abramson, L., Metalsky G., & Seligman, M. E. P. (1982). The attributional style questionnaire. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 6(3), 287-300.
36. Plunkett, K. (2006). Learning how to be flexible with words. In Y. Munakata, & M. H. Johnson (Eds.), Attention and performance XXI: Processes of change in brain and cognitive development (pp.233-248). New York: Oxford University Press.
37. Polunina, A. G., & Davydov, D. M. (2004). Viskonsinskij test sortirovki kartochek kak instrument ocenki kognitivnyh funkcij [Wisconsin Card Sorting Test as a tool for assessment of cognitive functions]. In T. B. Dmitrieva (Ed.), Social’naja psihiatrija[Social Psychiatry] (pp. 217-236). M.: Izdatel’stvo GNC SSP by V.P. Serbskii.
38. Reitan, R. M., & Wolfson, D. (1993). The Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery: Theory and clinical interpretation (2nd ed.). Tucson, AZ: Neuropsychological Press.
39. Rende, B. (2000) Cognitive flexibility: Theory, assessment, and treatment. Seminars in Speech and Language, 21(2), 121-133.
40. Ross, B. H., & Murphy, G. L. (1999). Food for thought: cross-classification and category organization in a complex real-world domain. Cognitive Psychology, 38, 495-553.
41. Ruff, R. M. (1996). Ruff figural fluency test. Test. Professional manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
42. Runco, M. A. (2004). Creativity. Annual Review Psychology, 55, 657-687.
43. Shadrikov, V. D. (2007). Mental’noe razvitie cheloveka [Human mental development]. Moscow: Aspekt Press.
44. Shareh, H., Farmani, A., & Soltani, E. (2014). Investigating the reliability and validity of the cognitive flexibility inventory (CFI-I) among Iranian university students. Practice in Clinical Psychology, 2(1), 43-50.
45. Spiro, R. J. & Jehng, J. C. (1990). Cognitive flexibility and hypertext: Theory and technology for the nonlinear and multidimensional traversal of complex subject matter. In D. Nix & R. Spiro (Eds.), Cognition, education, and multimedia: Exploring ideas in high technology (pp. 163-205). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
46. Stuss, D. T., & Alexander, M. P. (2000). Executive functions and the frontal lobes: A conceptual view. Psychological Research, 63(3-4), 289-298.
47. Teasdale, J. D., Scott, J., Moore, R. G., Hayhurst, H., Pope, M., & Paykel, E. S. (2001). How does cognitive therapy prevent relapse in residual depression? Evidence from a controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 69, 347-357.
48. Teasdale, J. D., Segal, Z., & Williams, J. M. (1995). How does cognitive therapy prevent depressive relapse and why should attentional control (mindfulness) training help? Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33(1), 25-39.
49. Tokuyoshi, Y., & Iwsaki, S. (2012). Development and validation of cognitive flexibility inventory - Japanese (in Japanese). Proceedings of the 76th Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association. Tokyo (p. 672).
50. Wang, Y., Yang, Y., Xiao, W., & Su, Q. (2016). Validity and reliability of the Chinese version of the Cognitive Flexibility Inventory in college students. Chinese Mental Health Journal, 1, 58-63.
51. Yehene, E., Meiran, N., & Soroker, N. (2008). Basal ganglia play a unique role in task switching within the frontal-subcortical circuits: evidence from patients with focal lesions. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 20(6), 1079-1093.
52. Young, J. E., Weinberger, A. D., & Beck, A. T. (2001). Cognitive therapy for depression. In D. H. Barlow (Ed.), Clinical handbook of psychological disorders: A step-by-step treatment manual (3rd ed., pp.264-308). New York: Guilford Press.
53. Zalevsky, G. V. (2007). Lichnost’i fiksirovannye formy povedeniya[Personality and fixed forms of behavior]. Moscow: Institute of Psychology of RAS.
Опубликован
2018-11-05
Как цитировать
ОсаволюкЕ. Ю., & КургинянС. С. (2018). Когнитивная флексибильность личности: теория, измерение, практика. Психология. Журнал Высшей школы экономики, 15(1), 128-144. https://doi.org/10.17323/1813-8918-2018-1-128-144
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