Kinaesthesia and Sources of Information on Movements Imagined from 1-st or 3-d Person Perspective in Cross-Country Skiers with Various Level of Expertise
Keywords:
sport psychology, mental imagery, motor imagery, mental training, mental practice, imagery perspective, imagery modality, kinesthetic imagery, kinesthesia, control of imagined movement, motor skills, cross country skiing
Abstract
The present article is dedicated to the study of an imagery perspective as a form of mental image with a set of distinct properties in terms of its use in sports. In addition to kinesthetic modality, which is traditionally viewed by sports psychologists as such a property, we have studied the use of different modes of imagined movement appraisal at various levels of sports expertise. The sample consisted of 54 ski racers in maximum possible range of ranking. The subjects imagined their own performance of V1 skating technique successively concentrating on 8 elements, which had been taken as a basis for 11 imagination task items. Each imagination task was accompanied by filling in the specially constructed report form, which collected data on imagery perspective and kinesthetic modality as well as on modes of imagined movements control, differentiated by modality (visual/ non-visual) and appraisal criterion (movement structure/ result). Sport expertise was determined based on expert assessment of technical merit of 7 V1 skating elements used as a part of the imagination task and number of cycles in two 100-meter roller-ski skating trials, one of which had been conducted in the dual-task settings. Groups of the subjects were formed according to their prepotent imagery perspective, as well as to their level of expertise, by means of cluster analysis. Corresponding distributions within the groups formed on the basis of the prepotent perspective showed that intensity of kinesthesia is higher in cases of the prepotent perspective, whereas increased frequency of use of visual and non-visual control modes is associated with third- and first-person imagery perspective, respectively. Distribution of modes of control on expertise is consistent with already known laws for real movements confirming equivalence of underlying processes in action and mental image.Downloads
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References
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2. Barabanshikova, V.V. (2005). Modal’nost’ obraznoj sfery kak faktor optimizatsii funktsional’nogo sostoyaniya professionalov v processe psikhologicheskoj samoreguljatsii. [Modality of the sphere of imagery as a factor of optimization of the functional state of professionals in the process of psychological self-regulation] (Ph.D. dissertation). Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation.
3. Bernstein, N. A. (1990). Physiology of movements and activity. Moscow: Nauka.
4. Callow, N., & Hardy, L. (2004). The relationship between the use of kinaesthetic imagery and different visual imagery perspectives. Journal of Sports Sciences, 22, 167-177.
5. Cumming, J. L., & Ste-Marie, D. M. (2001). The cognitive and motivational effects of imagery training: A matter of perspective. The Sport Psychologist, 15, 276-288.
6. Dubrovskii, D. I. (2007). Soznanie, mozg, iskusstvennyi intellekt [Cognition, brain, artificial intelligence]. Moscow: Strategiia-Tsentr.
7. Gregg, M., Hall, C., & Butler, A. (2010). The MIQ-RS: A suitable option for examining movement imagery ability. Evidence Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2(2), 249-257.
8. Guillot, A., Desliens, S., Rouyer, Ch., & Rogovski, I. (2013). Motor imagery and tennis serve performance: the external focus efficacy. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 12(2), 332-338.
9. Hale, B. D. (1998). Imagery training: A guide for sports people. Leeds: National Coaching Foundation.
10. Hardy, L., & Callow, N. (1999). Efficacy of external and internal visual imagery perspectives for the enhancement of performance on tasks in which form is important. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 21, 95-112.
11. Ives, J. C. (2013). Motor behavior: Connecting mind and body for optimal performance. Philadelfia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
12. Jeannerod, M. (1994).The representing brain: neural correlates of motor intention and imagery. Brain Behav. Sci., 17, 187-245.
13. Jowdy, D. P., Murphy, S. & Durtschi, S. K. (1989). An assessment of the use of imagery by elite athletes: Athlete, coach and psychologist perspective. United States Olympic Committee Report. Colorado Springs, CO: US Olympic Committee.
14. Kaminskiy, I. V. (2015). Kontrol’ rakursa obrazov kak sredstvo povyshenija jeffektivnosti myslennoj prorabotki dvigatel’nyh navykov [Control of the perspective of the images as a way to increase effectiveness of the mental elaboration of the motor skills]. Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta. Seria 14. Psikhologiya, 4, 83-97.
15. Kaminskiy, I. V., & Veraksa, A. N. (2016). Rakurs psihicheskogo obraza i ego rol’ v myslennoj prorabotke dvigatel’nyh navykov [The perspective of the psychic image and its role in the mental elaboration of the motor skills]. Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta. Seria 16. Psikhologiya i Pedagogika, 2, 27-37.
16. Kaminskiy, I. V., Almazova, O. V., & Veraksa, A. N. (2017). Vzaimosvjaz’ rakursa obrazov s osvoennost’ju i specifikoj predstavljaemyh dvizhenij [Interrelation of imagery perspective and imagined movement specifics and expertise]. Psikhologicheskii Zhurnal, 38(4), 76-92.
17. Novikova, N. B. (2014). Primenenie videoanaliza v processe nauchno-metodicheskogo obespechenija sbornoj komandy Rossii po lyzhnym gonkam [Application of the videoanalysis in the process of methodological support of the representative Russian team in cross-country skiing]. In Itogovyj sbornik Vserossijskoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem “Itogi vystuplenija sportivnyh sbornyh komand Rossijskoj Federacii na XXII Olimpijskih zimnih igrah v g. Sochi” [The resulting proceedings of the All-Russian applied conference with international participation “Results of display of the representative sports teams of the Russian Federation at the 22 ndWinter Olympic games in Sochi”] (pp. 130-134).
18. Ramenskaja, T. I. (1999). Tehnicheskaja podgotovka lyzhnika. [Technical training of a skier]. Moscow: Fizkultura i Sport.
19. Robin, N., Dominique, L., Toussaint, L., Blandin, Y., Guillot, A., & Le Her, M. (2007). Effect of motor imagery training on service return accuracy in tennis: The role of imagery ability. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 2, 175-186.
20. Spittle, M. (2001). Preference for imagery perspective, imagery perspective training and task performance(Doctoral dissertation). Melbourne, Australia.
21. Veraksa, A. N., & Gorovaya, A. E. (2011). Modeli ispol’zovanija obrazov v sportivnoj psihologii. [Models of usage of imagery in sports psychology]. Psihologicheskaja Nauka i Obrazovanie http://psyedu.ru, 1. Retrieved from http://psyedu.ru/journal/2011/1/2069.phtml
22. Veraksa, A. N., Leonov, S. V., & Gorovaya, A. E. (2011). Psihologicheskie osobennosti hudozhestvennyh gimnastok. [Psychological qualities of rhythmic gymnasts]. Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta. Seria 14. Psikhologiya, 4, 134-147.
23. Yelshansky, S. P. (2014). Proprioceptivnaja pamjat’ pozy ruki [Proprioceptive memory of a posture of a hand]. Psikhologiya, Sociologija i Pedagogika, 3. Retrieved from http://psychology.snauka.ru/2014/03/2905
24. Yu, Q. H., Fu, A. S., Kho, A., Li, J., Sun, X. H., Chan, C. C. (2016). Imagery perspective among young athletes: Differentiation between external and internal visual imagery. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 5(2), 211-218.
Published
2018-11-05
How to Cite
КаминскийИ. В., АлмазоваО. В., & ВераксаА. Н. (2018). Kinaesthesia and Sources of Information on Movements Imagined from 1-st or 3-d Person Perspective in Cross-Country Skiers with Various Level of Expertise. Psychology. Journal of the Higher School of Economics, 15(1), 79-106. https://doi.org/10.17323/1813-8918-2018-1-79-106
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