Specifics of Personal Prerequisites of Decision-Making Process (Based on the Framing Effect) in Doctors and Teachers Sample Groups
Keywords:
decision-making, framing effect, readiness to risk, rationality, vigilance, hypervigilance, buck passing, Melbourne decision making questionnaire, Budner’s Questionnaire
Abstract
The article reports on the study of framing susceptibility and personality profiles in medical workers whose occupation is tightly interwoven with decision making related to danger to health, as compared to teachers whose decision making is not related to health. Two groups of Azerbaijani medical doctors and teachers participated in the study. Framing susceptibility was measured with Kahneman’s “Asian Disease Problem” task. We compared personality profiles of doctors and teachers who did and did not show susceptibility to framing, using a set of behavioral measures indexing attitude towards uncertainty and risk and decision making strategies. Specifically, we used the Melbourne Decision Making Questionnaire, Budner’s Tolerance of Ambiguity Scale, and Personality Factors of Decision Making (LFR-21) questionnaires, all validated previously on Azerbaijani samples. The results indicated that doctors were more susceptible to framing than teachers. At the same time, professional group differences were established for personality variables – tolerance for uncertainty was markedly lower in doctors compared to teachers and was linked in to rationality in doctors (in teachers, it was linked to intolerance to uncertainty). Doctors also demonstrated higher avoidance in decision making. In the overall sample, framing susceptibility was associated with vigilance, hypergivilance, and rationality. The study lays a foundation for viewing framing effect not as a cognitive bias phenomenon but as a personality-mediated individually-differentiating characteristic of decision making.Downloads
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References
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2. Allison, C. W., Chell, E., & Hayes, J. (2000). Intuition and entrepreneurial behavior. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 9(1), 31-43.
3. Chumakova, M. A., & Kornilov, S. A. (2013). Individual differences in attitudes towards uncertainty: evidence for multiple latent profiles. Psychology in Russia: State of the Art, 6(4), 94-108.
4. Donner-Banzhoff, N., Seidel, J., Sikeler, A. M., Bösner, S., Vogelmeier, M., & Westram, A. (2017). The phenomenology of the diagnostic process: A primary-care based survey. Medical Decision Making, 37(1), 27-34.
5. Elstein, A., Schulman, L., & Sprafka, S. (1978). Medical problem-solving: An analysis of clinical reasoning. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
6. Gigerenzer G. (2015). Simply rational: Decision making in the real world. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press.
7. Kahneman, D. (2013). Dumai medlenno… reshai bystro. Moscow: AST. (Transl. of: Kahneman, D. (2011). Thinking, fast and slow. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux).
8. Kahneman, D., Slovic, P., & Tversky, A. (2005). Judgement under uncertainty. In N. Stehr & R., Grun -dmann (Eds.), Knowledge: Critical concepts(p. 371). London: Routledge.
9. Kornilova, T. V. (1997). Diagnostika motivacii i gotovnosti k risku[Diagnostics of motivation and readiness to risk]. Moscow: Institute of Psyhology of RAS.
10. Kornilova, T. V. (2013). Mel’burnskij oprosnik prinjatija reshenij: russkojazychnaja adaptacija [Melbourne decision making questionnaire: a Russian adaptation]. Psikhologicheskie Issledovaniya, 6(31), 4. Retrieved from http://psystudy.ru/index.php/num/2013v6n31/883-kornilova31.html
11. Kornilova, T. V. (2016). Intellektualno-lichnostnyj potencial cheloveka v usloviyah neopredelennosti i riska[Intellectual and personal potential of a person under the conditions of uncertainty and risk]. Saint Petersburg: Nestor-Istoriya Publ.
12. Kornilova, T. V., & Bakhshaliyeva, S. I. (2016). Kross-kul’turnoe issledovanie individual’nyh osobennostej prinjatija reshenij i tolerantnosti k neopredelennosti u rossijskih i azerbajdzhanskih studentov [A cross-cultural study of the relationship between decision making and tolerance for uncertainty in Russian and Azerbaijani students]. Psikhologicheskie Issledovaniya, 9(47), 2. Retrieved from http://psystudy.ru/index.php/num/2016v9n47/1290- kornilova47.html .
13. KornilovaT. V., & ChumakovaM. A., (2014). Schaly tolerantnosti i intolerantnosti k neopredelennosti v modifikacii oprosnika S. Badnera [Tolerance and intolerance of ambiguity in the modification of Budner’s questionnaire]. Experimental Psychology, 7(1), 92-110.
14. Kornilova, T. V., & Smirnov, S. D. (2012). Tolerantnost’ k neopredelennosti i kreativnost’ u prepodavatelej i studentov [Tolerance towards ambiguity and creativity in students and teachers]. Voprosy Psikhologii, 2, 117-126.
15. Kornilova, T. V., Chumakova, M. A., & Izmailova, A. M. (2015). Implicit theories of intelligence and personality, attitudes towards uncertainty, and academic achievement in college students: cross-cultural study. Paper presented at the 3rd International Academic Conference on Social Sciences (IACSS 2015, Istanbul, pp. 189-202). Batumi.
16. Kornilova, T. V., Chumakova, M. A., Kornilov, S. A., & Novikova, M. A. (2010). Psikhologia neopredelennosti: Edinstvo intellektualno-lichnostnogo potentsiala cheloveka [The psychology of uncertainty: The unity of the intellectual and personality potential of a man]. Moscow: Smysl.
17. Meehl, P. E. (1954). Clinical versus statistical prediction: A theoretical analysis and a review of the evidence. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
18. Mikels, J. A., & Reed, A. E. (2009). Monetary losses do not loom large in later life: Age differences in the framing effect. Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences, 64B(4), 457-460. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbp043
19. Operskalski, J. T., & Barbey, A. K. (2016). Methodological considerations in cognitive training research. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 1481. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01481
20. Popov, A. Y., & Vihman, A. A. (2014). Kognitivnye iskazhenija v processe prinjatija reshenij: nauchnaja problema i gumanitarnaja tehnologija [Cognitive distortions in the decision-making process: a scientific problem and humanitarian technology]. Vestnik JuUrGU. Serija “Psihologija”, 7(31), 5-16.
21. Razvalyaeva, A. Y. (2017). Racional’nost’ i risk: Krosss-kul’turnoe sravnenie rossijskoj i azerbajdzhanskoj vyborok (aprobacija oprosnika LFR) [Rationality and risk: a cross-cultural comparison of Russian and Azerbaijani samples (validation of the LFR questionnaire)]. In I. A. Aleshkovskij, A.V. Andrijanov, & E. A. Antipov (Eds.), Proceedings of the International Youth Scientific Forum “LOMONOSOV-2017” [DVD-ROM]. Moscow: MAKS Press.
22. Vadillo, M. A., Kostopoulou, O., & Shanks, D. R. (2015). A critical review and meta-analysis of the unconscious thought effect in medical decision making. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 636. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00636
23. Wolf, M., Krause, J., Carney, P. A., Bogart, A., & Kurvers, R. H. J. M. (2015). Collective intelligence meets medical decision-making: The collective outperforms the best radiologist. PLoS ONE, 10(8), e0134269. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0134269
Published
2018-11-05
How to Cite
КорниловаТ. В., & КеримоваС. Г. (2018). Specifics of Personal Prerequisites of Decision-Making Process (Based on the Framing Effect) in Doctors and Teachers Sample Groups. Psychology. Journal of the Higher School of Economics, 15(1), 22-38. https://doi.org/10.17323/1813-8918-2018-1-22-38
Issue
Section
The Decision Making Personality
