Сексизм по отношению к женщинам: адаптация шкалы амбивалентного сексизма (П. Глика и С. Фиск) на русский язык
Ключевые слова:
сексизм, враждебный сексизм, доброжелательный сексизм, методика
Аннотация
В статье представлена адаптация на русский язык методики П. Глика и С. Фиск по оценке амбивалентного сексизма в отношении женщин. Данный инструментарий направлен на измерения не только враждебного (тенденция негативно оценивать женщин, нарушающих традиционные гендерные роли), но и доброжелательного (тенденция позитивно оценивать женщин, соответствующих традиционным гендерным ожиданиям) сексизма. В апробации методики приняло участи 1624 жителя России. Полная версия методики продемонстрировала удовлетворительное соответствие эмпирическим данным, в связи с большим количеством ковариаций между суждениями методики. Исходя из выявленных ковариаций суждений, была сформирована ее короткая версия. Короткая версия методики, включающая 12 суждений (6 в шкале враждебного сексизма и 6 в шкале доброжелательного сексизма) продемонстрировала хорошее соответствие эмпирическим данным (χ2 = 332.147*, df = 53, RMSEA = 0.057, CFI = 0.960, TLI = 0.950). Мультигрупповой анализ продемонстрировал полную структурную и факторную эквивалентность при использовании короткой версии методики на выборке мужчин и женщин, а также гетеросексуалов и людей с негетеросексуальной идентификацией. Выявлены социально-демографические различия в результатах, полученных при помощи короткой версии методики. Мужчины и гетеросексуалы в большей степени, чем женщины и негетеросексуалы, демонстрируют враждебный и доброжелательный сексизм; люди старше 30 лет в большей степени проявляют доброжелательный сексизм, чем более молодые респонденты. В целом представленный вариант короткой версии методики демонстрирует хорошие психометрические показатели и может быть использован для дальнейших исследований как надежный и устойчивый инструментарий.Скачивания
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Литература
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13. Glick, P., Fiske, S. T., Masser, B., Manganelli, A. M., Huang, L. L., Rodriguez Castro, Y., ... Wells, R. (2004). Bad but bold: Ambivalent attitudes toward men predict gender inequality in 16 nations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 86(5), 713-728. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.86.5.713
14. Glick, P., Fiske, S. T., Mladinic, A., Saiz, J. L., Abrams, D., Masser, B Lopez, W. L. (2000). Beyond prejudice as simple antipathy: Hostile and benevolent sexism across cultures. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79(5), 763-775. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.79.5.763
15. Glick, P., Sakall -Ugurlu, N., Ferreira, M. C., & Aguiar de Souza, M. (2002). Ambivalent sexism and attitudes toward wife abuse in Turkey and Brazil. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 26(4), 292-297. https://doi.org/10.1111 /1471-6402.t01-1-00068
16. Glick, P., & Whitehead, J. (2010). Hostility toward men and the perceived stability of male dominance. Social Psychology, 41(3), 177-185. https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000025
17. Glick, P., Wilkerson, M., & Cuffe, M. (2015). Masculine identity, ambivalent sexism, and attitudes toward gender subtypes: Favoring masculine men and feminine women. Social Psychology, 46(4), 210-217. https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000228
18. Goncalves, G., Orgambidez-Ramos, A., Giger, J.-C., Santos, J., & Gomes, A. (2015). Validity evidence of the Portuguese adaptation of the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory. Revista de Psicologia Social, 30(1), 152-181.
19. Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1-55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
20. Ibabe, I., Arnoso, A., & Elgorriaga, E. (2016). Ambivalent Sexism Inventory: Adaptation to Basque population and sexism as a risk factor of dating violence. Spanish Journal of Psychology, 19(2016), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1017/sjp.2016.80
21. Jost, J. T., Banaji, M. R., & Nosek, B. A. (2004). A decade of system justification theory: Accumulated evidence of conscious and unconscious bolstering of the Status Quo John. Political Psychology, 25(6), 881-919. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9221.2004.00402.x
22. Mosso, C., Briante, G., Aiello, A., & Russo, S. (2013). The role of legitimizing ideologies as predictors of ambivalent sexism in young people: Evidence from Italy and the USA. Social Justice Research, 26(1), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11211-012-0172-9
23. Pratto, F., Sidanius, J., Stallworth, L. M., & Malle, B. F. (1994). Social dominance orientation: A personality variable predicting social and political attitudes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67(4), 741-763. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.67.4.741
24. Rollero, C., Glick, P., & Tartaglia, S. (2014). Psychometric properties of short versions of the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory and Ambivalence Toward Men Inventory. TPM - Testing, Psychometrics, Methodology in Applied Psychology, 21(2), 149-159. https://doi.org/10.4473/TPM21.2.3
25. Russell, B. L., & Trigg, K. Y. (2004). Tolerance of sexual harassment : An examination of gender differences, ambivalent sexism, social dominance, and gender roles. Sex Roles, 50(7-8), 565-573.
26. Sakalli-Ugurlu, N. (2002). Qeli^ik duygulu cinsiyetjilik oljegi: Gejerlik ve guvenirlik jah^masi. [Ambivalent Sexism Inventory: A Study of Reliability and Validity]. TUrk PsikolojiDergisi, 17(49), 47-58. (in Turkish)
27. Sutton, R. M., Douglas, K. M., & McClellan, L. M. (2011). Benevolent sexism, perceived health risks, and the inclination to restrict pregnant women's freedoms. Sex Roles, 65(7), 596-605. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-010-9869-0
28. Thompson, E. P., & Jost, J. T. (2000). Group-based dominance and opposition to equality as independent predictors of self-esteem, ethnocentrism, and social policy attitudes among African Americans and European Americans. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 36(3), 209-232. https://doi.org/10.10061999.1403
29. Viki, T. G., Abrams, D., & Hutchison, P. (2003). The "true" romantic: Benevolent sexism and paternalistic chivalry. Sex Roles, 49, 533-537.
30. Zawisza, M., Luyt, R., & Zawadzka, A. M. (2015). Societies in transition: are they more sexist? A comparison between Polish, South African and British samples. Journal of Gender Studies, 24( 1), 38-55. https://doi.org/10.1080/09589236.2013.803952
2. Bendixen, M., & Kennair, L. E. O. (2017). When less is more: Psychometric properties of Norwegian short-forms of the Ambivalent Sexism Scales (ASI and AMI) and the Illinois Rape Myth Acceptance (IRMA) Scale. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 58(6), 541-550. https://doi.org/10.1111 /sjop.12392
3. Chapleau, K. M., Oswald, D. L., & Russell, B. L. (2007). How ambivalent sexism toward women and men support rape myth acceptance. Sex Roles, 57(1-2), 131-136. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-007-9196-2
4. Christopher, A. N., & Mull, M. S. (2006). Conservative ideology and ambivalent sexism. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 30(2), 223-230. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.2006.00284.x
5. Costa, P. A., Oliveira, R., Pereira, H., & Leal, I. (2015). Adaptation of the Modern Sexism Inventories to Portugal: The Ambivalent Sexism Inventory and the Ambivalence toward Men Inventory. Psicologia: Reflexao e Critica, 28(1), 126-135.
6. Dardenne, B., Delacollette, N., Gregoire, C., & Lecocq, D. (2006). Structure latente et validation de la version franjaise de l'Ambivalent Sexism Inventory: l'echelle de sexisme ambivalent [Latent structure and validation of the French version of the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory: the ambivalent sexism scale]. Lannee Psychologique, 106, 235-264. (in French)
7. Eckes, T., & Six-Materna, I. (1999). Hostility und Benevolenz: Eine Skala zur Erfassung des ambivalenten Sexismus [Hostility and benevolence: A scale measuring ambivalent sexism]. Zeitschrift fur Sozialpsychologie, 30, 211-228. (in German)
8. Forbes, G. B., Collinsworth, L. L., Jobe, R. L., Braun, K. D., & Wise, L. M. (2007). Sexism, hostility toward women, and endorsement of beauty ideals and practices: Are beauty ideals associated with oppressive beliefs? Sex Roles, 56(5-6), 265-273. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-006-9161-5
9. Garaigordobil, M., & Aliri, J. (2013). Ambivalent sexism inventory: Standardization and normative data in a sample of the Basque country. Behavioral Psychology / Psicologia Conductual, 21(1), 173-186.
10. Gaunt, R. (2013). Breadwinning moms, caregiving dads: Double standard in social judgments of gender norm violators. Journal of Family Issues, 34(1), 3-24. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X12438686
11. Glick, P., & Fiske, S. T. (1996). The Ambivalent Sexism Inventory: Differentiating hostile and benevolent sexism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70(3), 491-512. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022- 3514.70.3.491
12. Glick, P., & Fiske, S. T. (2001). An ambivalent alliance. Hostile and benevolent sexism as complementary jutifications for gender inequality. American Psychologist, 56(2), 109-118. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003- 066X.56.2.109
13. Glick, P., Fiske, S. T., Masser, B., Manganelli, A. M., Huang, L. L., Rodriguez Castro, Y., ... Wells, R. (2004). Bad but bold: Ambivalent attitudes toward men predict gender inequality in 16 nations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 86(5), 713-728. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.86.5.713
14. Glick, P., Fiske, S. T., Mladinic, A., Saiz, J. L., Abrams, D., Masser, B Lopez, W. L. (2000). Beyond prejudice as simple antipathy: Hostile and benevolent sexism across cultures. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79(5), 763-775. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.79.5.763
15. Glick, P., Sakall -Ugurlu, N., Ferreira, M. C., & Aguiar de Souza, M. (2002). Ambivalent sexism and attitudes toward wife abuse in Turkey and Brazil. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 26(4), 292-297. https://doi.org/10.1111 /1471-6402.t01-1-00068
16. Glick, P., & Whitehead, J. (2010). Hostility toward men and the perceived stability of male dominance. Social Psychology, 41(3), 177-185. https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000025
17. Glick, P., Wilkerson, M., & Cuffe, M. (2015). Masculine identity, ambivalent sexism, and attitudes toward gender subtypes: Favoring masculine men and feminine women. Social Psychology, 46(4), 210-217. https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000228
18. Goncalves, G., Orgambidez-Ramos, A., Giger, J.-C., Santos, J., & Gomes, A. (2015). Validity evidence of the Portuguese adaptation of the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory. Revista de Psicologia Social, 30(1), 152-181.
19. Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1-55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
20. Ibabe, I., Arnoso, A., & Elgorriaga, E. (2016). Ambivalent Sexism Inventory: Adaptation to Basque population and sexism as a risk factor of dating violence. Spanish Journal of Psychology, 19(2016), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1017/sjp.2016.80
21. Jost, J. T., Banaji, M. R., & Nosek, B. A. (2004). A decade of system justification theory: Accumulated evidence of conscious and unconscious bolstering of the Status Quo John. Political Psychology, 25(6), 881-919. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9221.2004.00402.x
22. Mosso, C., Briante, G., Aiello, A., & Russo, S. (2013). The role of legitimizing ideologies as predictors of ambivalent sexism in young people: Evidence from Italy and the USA. Social Justice Research, 26(1), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11211-012-0172-9
23. Pratto, F., Sidanius, J., Stallworth, L. M., & Malle, B. F. (1994). Social dominance orientation: A personality variable predicting social and political attitudes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67(4), 741-763. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.67.4.741
24. Rollero, C., Glick, P., & Tartaglia, S. (2014). Psychometric properties of short versions of the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory and Ambivalence Toward Men Inventory. TPM - Testing, Psychometrics, Methodology in Applied Psychology, 21(2), 149-159. https://doi.org/10.4473/TPM21.2.3
25. Russell, B. L., & Trigg, K. Y. (2004). Tolerance of sexual harassment : An examination of gender differences, ambivalent sexism, social dominance, and gender roles. Sex Roles, 50(7-8), 565-573.
26. Sakalli-Ugurlu, N. (2002). Qeli^ik duygulu cinsiyetjilik oljegi: Gejerlik ve guvenirlik jah^masi. [Ambivalent Sexism Inventory: A Study of Reliability and Validity]. TUrk PsikolojiDergisi, 17(49), 47-58. (in Turkish)
27. Sutton, R. M., Douglas, K. M., & McClellan, L. M. (2011). Benevolent sexism, perceived health risks, and the inclination to restrict pregnant women's freedoms. Sex Roles, 65(7), 596-605. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-010-9869-0
28. Thompson, E. P., & Jost, J. T. (2000). Group-based dominance and opposition to equality as independent predictors of self-esteem, ethnocentrism, and social policy attitudes among African Americans and European Americans. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 36(3), 209-232. https://doi.org/10.10061999.1403
29. Viki, T. G., Abrams, D., & Hutchison, P. (2003). The "true" romantic: Benevolent sexism and paternalistic chivalry. Sex Roles, 49, 533-537.
30. Zawisza, M., Luyt, R., & Zawadzka, A. M. (2015). Societies in transition: are they more sexist? A comparison between Polish, South African and British samples. Journal of Gender Studies, 24( 1), 38-55. https://doi.org/10.1080/09589236.2013.803952
Опубликован
2018-11-06
Как цитировать
АгадуллинаЕ. Р. (2018). Сексизм по отношению к женщинам: адаптация шкалы амбивалентного сексизма (П. Глика и С. Фиск) на русский язык. Психология. Журнал Высшей школы экономики, 15(3), 447-463. https://doi.org/10.17323/1813-8918-2018-3-447-463
Выпуск
Раздел
Опросники для изучения социально-психологических феноменов
